sejarah jaringan

Agak sulit juga untuk memulai dari mana sejarah jaringan,karena dari berbagai sumber ada banyak perbedaan,namun dari berbagai sumber ada banyak kesamaan.Untuk itu dapat saya simpulkan sejarah jaringan computer.
Sejarah jaringan komputer adalah sejarah yang komplex. Sejarah ini melibatkan banyak orang dari semua penjuru dunia pada lebih dari 35 tahun terakhir. Ini disajikan dengan pandangan bagaimana internet ditemukan dan kemudian dikembangkan. Proses-proses penemuan dan komersialisasi dapat lebih rumit, tetapi hal ini dapat membantu untuk melihat bagaimana dasar dari pengembangan jaringan komputer.

Pada tahun 1940-an komputer adalah suatu alat dengan ukuran besar yang sangat rentan terhadap kesalahan. Pada tahun 1947, ditemukannya transistor semikonduktor membuka banyak kemungkingan untuk membuat komputer dengan ukuran lebih kecil; dan tentunya lebih handal. Pada tahun 1950-an institusi-institusi besar mulai menggunakan komputer-komputer mainframe, dimana dijalankan dengan program-program punched card.
Di tahun 1950-an ketika jenis computer mulai membesar sampai tercipta supercomputer,maka sebuah computer harus melayani beberapa terminal.Untuk itu ditemukan konsep distribusi proses berdasarkan waktu yang dikenal dengan nama TSS(time sharing system),dan untuk pertama kali terbentuklah jaringan (network) computer pada lapis aplikasi.
Pada system TSS beberapa terminal terhubung ke sebuah host computer. Dalam proses TSS mulai nampak perpaduan teknologi computer dan teknologi telekomunikasi yang pada awalnya berkembang sendiri-sendiri.
Tahun 1957 Advanced Research Project Agency(ARPA) dibentuk oleh Departement of Defense(DoD) USA.
Tahun 1967 desain awal dari ARPANET diterbitkan dan tahun 1969 DoD menggelar pengembangan ARPANET dengan mengadakan riset untuk menghubungkan sejumlah computer sehingga membentuk jaringan organic( program ini dikenal dengan nama ARPANET)
Memasuki tahun 1970-an sudah lebih dari 10 komputer berhasil dihubunggkan sehingga computer-komputer tersebut bias berkomunikasi satu sama lain .
Tahun 1972 Roy Tomlinson berhasil menyempurnakan program e-mail yang diciptakannya 1 tahun sebelumnya untuk ARPANET. Program ini begitu mudah dan langsung popular dengan memperkenalkan ikon @ yang berarti “at” atau”pada”.
Tahun 1973 jaringan computer ARPANET berkembang luas keluar Amerika Serikat. Computer university college di London merupakan computer pertama diluar USA yang menjadi anggota jaringan ARPANET. Ditahun yang sama ,2 orang ahli computer ,Vinton cerf dan Bob kahn mempersentasikan sebuah gagasan yang lebih besar yang mnejadi cikal bakal pemikiran Intenational Network(internet). Ide pertama kalinya dipersentasikan di Sussex University.
Tanggal 26 maret 1976,ratu Inggris behasil mengirim e-mail dari Royal and Radar Establishment di Malvern. Setahun kemudian sudah lebih 100 komputer yang tegabung d ARPANET membentuk suatu network.
pada tahun 1979, Tom Truscott, Jim Ellis, dan Steve Bellovin menciptakan Newsgroups pertama yang diberi nama USENET ( User Network ).
Pada tahun 1981, France Telecommenciptakan sebuah gebrakan baru dengan meluncurkan telepon televisi pertama dunia ( orang dapat saling menelepon sambil berinteraksi denagan Video link. kalo sekarang mungkin disebut video call , kl dulu disebut telepon sambil webcam-an .
Seiring dengan bertambahnya komputer yang membentuk jaringan, dibutuhkan sebuah protokol resmi yang dapat diakui dan diterima oleh semua jaringan. untuk itu, pada tahun 1982 dibentuk sebuah komisi Transmission Control Protocol ( TCP ) atau lebih dikenal dengan sebutan Internet Protocol ( IP ) yang kita kenal hingga saat ini. sementara itu, didaratan Eropa muncul sebuah jaringan tandingan yang dikenal dengan Europe Network ( EUNET ) yang meliputi wilayah Belanda, Inggris, Denmark, dan Swedia. Jaringan eunet ini menyediakan jasa e-mail dan newsgroup USENET.untuk menyeragamkan alamat jaringan komputer yang sudah ada, pada tahun 1984 diperkenalkan system dengan nama DOMAIN yang lebih dikenal dengan Domain Name System ( DNS ). dengan system DNS, komputer yang tersambung dengan jaringan melebihi 1.000 komputer.
pada tahun 1987 diperkirakan komputer yang tersambung ke jaringan tersebut melonjak 10 kali lipat menjadi 10.000 komputer lebih.

tahun 1988, Jarkko Oikarinen berkebangsaan Finlandia menemukan sekaligus memperkenalkan Internet Relay Chat atau lebih dikenal dengan IRC yang memungkinkan dua orang atau lebih pengguna komputer dapat berinteraksi secara langsung dengan pengiriman pesan ( Chatting ). akibatnya, setahun kemudian jumlah komputer yang saling berhubungan melonjak 10 kali lipat. tak kurang dari 100.000 komputer membentuk sebuah jaringan.
Tahun 1992 merupakan tahun yang paling bersejarah, ketika Tim Berners Lee merancang sebuah programe editor dan browser yang dapat menjelajahi komputer yang satu dengan yang lainnya dengan membentuk jaringan. programe inilah yang disebut WWW atau World Wide Web.

Tahun 1992, komputer yang saling tersambung membentuk jaringan sudah melampaui lebih dari satu juta komputer. pada tahun yang sama muncul satu istilah yang tyekenal dengan sebutan Surfing ( Menjelajah ) atau browsing.
Ketika computer-komputer yang membentuk jaringan semakin banyak digunakan di industri – industri maupun perkantoran kecil hingga besar,dan ketika beban pekerjaan bertambah banyak dan harga perangkat besar mulai terasa sangat mahal,maka mulailah digunakan konsep proses terdistribusi (distributed processing). Pada proses terdistribusi sudah mutlak diperlukan perpaduan yang mendalam antara teknologi computer dan telekomunikasi ,karena selain proses yang harus didistribusikan ,semua host computer wajib melayani terminal-terminalnya dalam satu perintah dari computer pusat.
Selanjutnya ketika harga computer mulai turun dan konsep proses terdistribusi sudah matang,maka penggunaan computer dan jaringannya sudah mulai beragam ,dari mulai menangani proses bersama-sama maupun komunikasi antarkomputer (peer to peer system) tanpa melalui kendali computer pusat.
Untuk itu mulailah berkembang teknologi jaringan local yang dikenal dengan sebutan LAN. Demikian pula ketika internet mulai diperkenalkan ,maka sebagian besar LAN yang berdiri sendiri mulai berhubungan satu sama lain sehinnga terbentuklah jaringan raksasa WAN.
Tahun 1994, situs-situs Dunia mulai tumbuh dengan subur ( setidaknya, saat itu terdapat 3.000 alamat halaman ) dan bentuk pertama kalinya Virtual Shopping atau e-retail muncul diberbagai situs. Dunia langsung berubah dengan diluncurkannya perusahaan Search Engine Pertama, yaitu Yahoo!. yang dibangun oleh David Filo dan Jerry yang pada bulan April 1994. Netscape Navigator 1.0. diluncurkan dipenghujung tahun 1994.

my brother

His name is Pulung Barita Sipayung,he was born in Pematang Siantar 02th Januari 1986.

He is the only man in my family,yes I just have one brother.because I’m batakness so I call him with bang pulung.

All along my memories with him,he often bring me with my sister desty to some places to play,he is a brother who very care to his sisters.

I’m so sad when he was study in senior high school he is very naughty,I don’t know why he is like that.

I remember my father often come to his school because he make noisy sensation in his school.

He often absent,hazy from school.But now I think he was aware,and he become a good man again.

Now he study in Universitas Pasundan Bandung,but he didn’t live with me and my sisters in setiabudhi,he live in karapitan because near to his campus.

But,he often come to our house to visit us.

You know that my brother like cooking,ha..ha..

Yes he often cooking for me…

His hobby is listen music,but not easy music,it is hard music like rock,r n b..

Oh yeah his hobby is watching television too I think,ha.ha..

I often confuse with him because he more watching tv than all of us..

Oh I forget to tell you about his characteristic,h is black(very diferrent with me),thin and tall,I think my brother is not a handsome man,but he very care to woman.

Ok I think enough,see you in my next posting..

Bye…

friendship ^ - ^

Hai,how are you ? ?? see you again in my posting..
In this posting i want to tell you about my bestfriends..
They are imelda ,rika,lisna...
I meet them when i’m start my study in college...
We are have diffrent charakter..
Lisna is a someone who is taciturn between us but she is very kind to be a friend.
Rika is a ambitious girl,she is smart and beautyfull..
And she is very care to all of us
And me,,,he..he... the last of us..
You know about me exactly...
We often go together,if we dont have study we go to pujasera,and you know in there we can until afternoon...
Rika ‘s hobby is eat..
And she is very like the pig doll..
Melda like doraemon,
And i think lisna like pig doll too because she has it too.
And me,i like teddy bear and barbie,,sometimes we are have fight but we always can finish it..
We learn to understand all of our character and can accept our less charakter,and i always effort to care and understand them because friendship is very important to me..
I love them and i always to keep or friendship..and i hope our friendship until we are die,,,
I think enough ..
See you in my next posting..
Thanks for your attention..
Bye..

my relationship(part2)

this day i remember you again,i dont know why i always remember you,how are you???
are you okay??
until now i always remember you,i miss you so much...
you now many man come and go in my life but they did'nt make me to forget you,,
i'm sorry if i make mistakes to you and hurt you..
but it is our comitment to finish all,
i think i'm a stupid girl because until now i can't stop loving you.
and now i think the good time to comite to forget you,all off my memory with you,because i now you never remember me because you said that you learn to forget me.
you just a good memory to good learning to continue my life.
i believe that god will send me a good man to bring me to the better life.
the man who can always care to me,can lead me..
i know that i'm a beauty girl,ha..ha..
and many man love me exactly,ha..ha...
and know i hope in my pray that god will send to me the real man,god please send me the real man that the real from you,because i believe that you send the best for me.god i hope before i'm 20th years old you already send the real man for me,,
just it god,thank you so much..
amin..
for you in somewhere please to always keep your healthty,always smile in everything in your life and i hope that you can get the better girl from me,the girl who can understand you and always can besides you,,,
not the girl to hurt like me..
ok i think enough for my posting this week,thanks for your attention..
see in my next posting..
bye...

allan

his name is allan hawari.his nickname is allan,but i call him with allan jelek..
benconk,etc
he was born at 12th january1989 in indramayu,west java.
until junior high school he school in indramayu,but senior high school in cirebon,and now we are here in unpad..
he..he..
his hobby is smile..
ha..ha...
yes he always smile to everyone,so i dont know when he feel sad..
he never angry to me..
you know he often bring gift to me when he go back to indramayu,yes,he often bring mango..
he very hate me when i say that i'm a beauty girl,he..he...
and you know he never say i'm beautifull.
he is one of my friends in college,i met him when we are "ospek" in jatinangor...,he sit beside me,and until now we are friends.
at campus we often meet,so we have many time to laugh together.
but we are diffrent direction,i'm manajemen informatika and he is teknik komputer..
some of my friends say that we are have a relationship,in fact we are friends,bestfriends exactly,and he have a girlfriend.
we often go together,sometimes he accompany me go home after finished study in our college,we often go in saturday night go to anywhere to spent time.but we often go to surabi enhaii because near to my house.
he is very care to me,when i have problem he always her of my grudges and he can give good solution for all my problem.
because we are very compact,sometimes his girlfriends jealous to me..
he..he..
i'm very confuse why she jealous to me whereas she know i'm just friend with allan
so now i avoid allan for many time...
but i wil always keep my friendship with him because friendship is very important to me from a relationship,friendship is never die..
he..he..
ok that's all,thanks for your attention,see you in my next posting..
bye ^^

my sister anna

hi..
you see me again..
ok,in this posting i want to tell about my sister anna..
her name is buana afrilla putri sipayung,,,
but we call she with anna..
she is my firsr sister,she was born in 13th april 1980 in pematang siantar,medan,north sumatra..
she is a sleeping beauty girl too same like me..
you know we can spent much time to sleep together if we dont have activity...
her hobbies are sleep(ha..ha..),watching tv or dvd,go to karaoke,and watching film in movie..
we often go anywhere together like to the movie,to jakarta,and the others.
she very likes eat fruits and vegetables but she is not a vegetarian of course.
and she like drink milk,so she have clean and white skin..
she is very beautifull...
she is very love dog..so she have dog here..
although now her dog is sick,she stiil care to her dog..

she graduated her college from english literature in maranatha university,so she can speak english well..
and now she works in novotel bandung hotel as GRO(guest relation..)
she is a workhaholic,no time spent useless for her...
when she study in college she works as SPG marlborro too..
she help my father to pay my cost in college.
i'm very amazed to her..and i'm very love her,because she can become a friend, sister,and mom for me,she always hear my story and my problem altough she very tired affter work..
she is the best sister i think...
i think enough,i you wnt to know her more come to ny house..
he,,,he,,
thx for you attention.
see you...

my relationship

in this posting i want to tell my relationship with somebody,of course a man..
ha..ha...
but i can't tell you his name...
i meet him,about six month ago..
he is friend of my neighbour..
first see him,i'm not have feeling...
he is a handsome man..
he..he..
he tall,not fat,have good body language i think
when the first we meet he ask me my number phone,and then he often call me..
finally we decide to make a relationship,
we often go togother...
go to movie,jogging,lunch,etc..
he often come to my college to pick up me..
he always can make me laugh...
but after some month we have a problem,but it is not come from us...
we have a problem with principal and religion..
you know i love him so much,and he is too..
but we decide to finish our relationship,and know we are friend..
so true as i'm still love him,and i know he is too,but it is very difficult to continuoe our relationship.
and know i never meet him,i miss him so much,because only him can understand me...
he can make me laugh and happy..
he very very calm and loyal besides me...
when i'm boring,when i'm angry he can make jokes to make me laugh..
and know he make me so sad,because know i'm never meet him